![]() The Principle of Uniformity in Geology Biology and Theology, Brill, Leiden. ![]() Hooykaas, R.: 1963, Natural Law and Divine Miracle. A Composite Portrait, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Hodge, M.J.S.: 1991, ‘The History of the Earth, Life and Man: Whewell and Palaetiological Sciences’, in Fish, M. Herschel, J.: 1830/1987, A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Hamilton, E.I.: 1965, Applied Geochronology, Academic Press, London. Hall, T.S.: 1968, ‘On Biological Analogs of Newtonian Paradigms’, Philosophy of Science 35, 6-27. Grave, S.A.: 1960, The Scottish Philosophy of Common Sense, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Gould, S.J.: 1987, Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Gould, S.J.: 1980, Ever since Darwin, Norton & Co., New York. Gould, S.J.: 1965, ‘Is Uniformitarianism necessary?’, American Journal of Science 263, 223-228. Carozzi, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick. Gohau, G.: 1990, A History of Geology, translated by A. Gillispie, C.C.: 1951, Genesis and Geology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass. Geikie, A.: 1897, The Founders of Geology, repr. Élie de Beaumont, L.: 1831, ‘Research on Some Revolutions on the Surface of the Earth’, engl. ![]() Scotland and Her Universities in the Nineteenth Century, 2nd ed., Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Reflections on the Heritage of Newton, Columbia University Press, New York.ĭarwin, F.: 1897, Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, 2 Vols., Murray, London.ĭavie, G.E.: 1964, The Democratic Intellect. 140-163.Ĭannon, W.F.: 1960, ‘The Uniformitarian-Catastrophist Debate’, Isis 51, 38-55.Ĭannon, W.F.: 1961, ‘The Impact of Uniformitarianism’, Proceedings of the American Philosphical Society CV, 301-314.Ĭannon, W.F.: 1976, ‘Charles Lyell, Radical Actualism and Theory’, The British Journal for the History of the Science 9, 104-120.Ĭartwright, N.: 1983, How the Laws of Physics Lie, Clarendon Press, Oxford.Ĭohen, I.B.: 1956, Franklin and Newton, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.Ĭohen, I.B.: 1990, ‘Newton's Method and Newton's Style’, in Durham, F. ![]() (ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Earth Sciences, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. The Renaissance through the Nineteenth Century, University of Washington Press, Seattle and London.īohr N.: 1961, Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.īrown, G.C.: 1982, ‘The Energy Budget of the Earth’, in Smith, D.G. and Madden, E.H.: 1960, Theories of Scientific Method. I will conclude with an analysis of the methodological function of principles in Lyell's scientific endeavour.īartholomew, M.: 1973, ‘Lyell and Evolution: An Account of Lyell's Response to the Prospect of Evolutionary Ancestry for Man’, British Journal for the History of Science 6, 261-303.īartholomew, M.: 1976, ‘The Non-Progress of Non-progression: Two Responses to Lyell's Doctrine’, British Journal for the History of Science 9, 166-174.īlake, R.M., Ducasse, C.J. To show the Newtonian roots of this synthesis I will compare Lyell's principles and Newton's Rules of Reasoning. I believe that the only way to understand Lyell's role in the history of science is to maintain the unity of his synthesis. As a result, the significance of Lyell's system has been reduced to a simple “actualism” which admits the validity of the only Uniformity Principle. The three principles form a single thesis called “uniformitarianism” which has been repeatedly questioned and which has been reputed to be unable to face the competing “directional synthesis” based on the theory of the earth's cooling down. The theoretical system Lyell presented in 1830 was composed of three requirements or principles: 1) the Uniformity Principle which states that past geological events must be explained by the same causes now in operation 2) the Uniformity of Rate Principle which states that geological laws operate with the same force as at present 3) the Steady-state Principle which states that the earth does not undergo any directional change. ![]()
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